Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute
Wang Youjiang Liang Shaoqiang
Keywords: urban texture, night vision planning
In 2004, the Ministry of Construction and the National Law Reform Commission jointly requested that each city complete the special plan for urban night scenes in 2008. Some provinces have also issued special documents to ensure the smooth planning of the city's night scenes. As a night scene designer, how can we accomplish this task well? The first is to recognize the city, sort out the city, and clarify the composition of the city structure to establish a system of urban night vision.
one. Urban texture “The city is a place of history. People’s memory, history and order are the most valuable parts of it. They are “collective manifestations†that reflect social and cultural practices. They form a “building compositionâ€. Place"". - A. Rossi
In 1898, the Englishman Howard proposed the theory of "idyllic city." In 1933, the Athens Charter with the core of "functional city" thought formed the planning idea of ​​understanding the urban structure with the four functions of residence, entertainment, work and transportation. At the end of the 20th century, British architect Smithson proposed the concept of houses, streets, regions and cities. Emphasis is on identifiability, attribution, and diversity. After the long historical development of the feudal society, China's urban system has formed a five-level administrative center of the capital city, provincial city, prefecture (state) city, county town and town. The urban transformation of modern China has both the rise of the new city and the renewal of the old city. The newly transformed cities can be roughly classified into four main types: main open cities, partially open cities, transportation hub cities, and industrial and mining professional cities.
â— Main open city:
A city with a reclamation area as its main body. It is clearly divided into two large ones: one. Multinational concessions - Shanghai, Tianjin, Hankou, etc.; Lease land, affiliated places - such as Qingdao, Dalian, Harbin, etc. The biggest feature of a multi-country concession-type city is the creation of a multinational concession. The concession is a "state in the middle of the country." The development and construction of the concession area is naturally introduced into the modern industrial civilization and urban civilization of the West. The concession covers a large area, and they all become the main body or center of the city. These cities have a comprehensive urban character of business centers, financial centers, industrial centers, cultural centers and water and land transportation hubs. The urban pattern has the characteristics of multi-center layout, and the urban structure shows a phenomenon of local order and overall disorder (for example, Shanghai is divided by the public concession, the French Concession, and the Chinese border). The architectural style of the city shows the diverse characteristics of the “World Architecture Exhibitionâ€.
The leased land and the affiliated cities were established with the opening up. These cities also have the advantage of geographical location and the new city where the city rises from a remote village. Qingdao and Dalian have become port cities of free ports, and Harbin has become a railway hub city of Shangyu. Such cities have developed urban plans that meet the needs of colonial interests, and have carried out a comprehensive and orderly urban construction. The architectural style has the style that was popular in the country of rent.
â— Partially open cities:
The city only draws out specific sections, and opens up rented residences and shopping malls with a small area, forming a partial opening of the city. This part of the city has a large number of cities - Jinan, Shenyang, Chongqing, Wuhu, Jiujiang, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, Changsha and so on. Most of these cities are in the same pattern of new and old urban areas. The modernization process of the city, in general, the rise of the city from the new district, and then the transformation of the old city. Many of them, as capital cities, are mostly complex cities with regional political centers and regional economic centers.
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