Stage lighting luminaire for stage
A type of luminaire used in stage performances and film and television to illuminate and achieve a certain light effect. It helps to express the content of the program, reflects the author's creative intentions, and creates an artistic atmosphere, and enables the audience and the camera to get the correct color feeling and exposure. Unlike other luminaires, most of these luminaires have the function of changing the beam spread angle and softness and color, and are equipped with special mechanisms such as focusing, aperture, and color filter.
Brief history
The stage lights developed earliest, the movie lights followed, and the TV lights were late. Early performances were illuminated with natural light and torches, oil lamps, candles and other light sources. In the 17th century, the frame stage appeared, and the stage lights were developed from uncontrollable light sources to simple lamps that can control the intensity and color of light. In 1804, new light sources and lamps that reached the incandescent state after heating lye gas to burn the lime were used for stage lighting. In the 19th century, the stage lights used gas lamps, kerosene lamps and electric light sources. Spotlights and astigmatism lamps (floodlights) appeared in the lamps, and the lamps scattered inside and outside the stage were centrally controlled, and the stage lighting gradually entered the field of art lighting. . In the 1960s, stage lights have become serialized, systematic, and automated. The lighting method uses all-round and computer control, and a large number of laser and sound control effects are used.
The early film lights were used to shoot black and white films using incandescent lamps, carbon arc lamps and high-pressure mercury lamps as light sources. In the 1960s, tungsten halogen lamps were used, with a color temperature of 3200K and a color rendering index of 99, which ensured the color reproduction of color chips. In the early 1970s, China invented a DC Xenon lamp with a color temperature of 5500K, a color rendering index of 80 or more, and the advantages of no AC strobe, ensuring color reproduction and interior shooting of daylight-type color film. TV lights were developed on the basis of stage and movie lights in the 1950s. As the sensitivity of the camera tube becomes higher and higher, the power of the television lamp is correspondingly reduced. In particular, the rapid development of small studios and closed-circuit televisions has placed special demands on TV lights, such as pole-controlled lights and electric lights.
composition
Stage lighting is composed of light sources, optical components, mechanical components and electrical components.
1 light source. There are many kinds of incandescent lamps, tungsten halogen lamps and metal halide lamps. Their illuminants are in the shape of dots, strips or rectangles. The color temperature is 3200K and 5500K, and the color rendering index is above 80.
2 optical components. The optical system is constituted by a reflector, a field lens (condensing mirror), an objective lens, and the like according to the shape of the light source illuminator and the use requirements such as lighting, imaging, and effects.
3 mechanical parts. It has the functions of enclosing and blocking light, heat dissipation and heat insulation, and can ensure the stability and reliability of the optical system and various functions, including the enlargement and reduction of the beam angle of the light, the focusing of the ordinary objective lens or the variable focus objective lens, and the effect. The motor of the motor is mechanically driven and so on.
4 electrical components. Including regulated power supply, light source accessories (trigger, ballast, varistor, etc.), dimmers and continuously variable electrical circuits for the drive motor control of the effects.
Characteristics
The stage lights can help the audience to directly see all the scenes or parts of the scene, making the scene on the stage look realistic, better expressing the author's creative intentions and the artistic level of the work, the light and dark range of light changes, lighting The area is also large. The film and television lights are used in studios, studios or in the field. The "audience" is a camera or camera that can be moved and processed. There are many close-up scenes. In addition to the artistic effect, the lighting also has the effect of properly exposing the camera tube or film. Especially for color reproduction, under the light (shooting the interior), the color temperature of the light is 3200K, the color rendering index is above 90, and the daylight (outside view) is 5500K and above.
Types of
Stage film and television lights can be divided into three categories: spotlights, astigmatism lights and effect lights according to the characteristics of their outgoing beams.
spotlight
A luminaire that achieves a partial projected light effect. The beam angle is adjustable, the light is concentrated, and there is a spot edge, and a color filter holder is provided. According to the clarity of the edge contour of the spot, it can be divided into the following three types.
1 soft spotlight. The contour of the light is soft, and Fresnel lenses are commonly used, so it is also called Fresnel lens spotlight.
2 plano-convex lens spotlights. The light has a clear outline and high intensity, and is a kind of luminaire commonly used on the stage.
3 imaging spotlights. Using the principle of imaging, the projected beam produces a bright spot on the stage that is used to track the performer or the local range of the projected illumination.
A type of luminaire in which the astigmatism beam has a large diffusion angle and the spot is soft and uniform without edge marks. It uses only one reflector and is equipped with a color filter holder. There are many varieties such as grid lights, foot lights, skylight astigmatism lights, sky astigmatism lights, quadruple and six astigmatism lights, and exterior astigmatism lights. The effect light uses a combination of lighting, mechanical transmission and electrical control to project a variety of scenes, natural weather changes and illusory scenes. Can display a variety of static scenes and activities such as rain, snow, fire, clouds, waves, lightning, rising sun, etc., can also use dynamic shadows as a background to show changes in various landscapes, mines, etc.
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