Microchip's PAC1934 is a quad DC power and energy monitor with an accumulator, featuring a bus voltage monitor and current sense amplifier that directly feeds into a high-resolution ADC. It enables digital current processing for accurate power calculation and energy accumulation. The device supports monitoring intervals ranging from 1 millisecond to 36 hours or longer. With a power measurement accuracy of 1%, it includes a 24-bit accumulator for tracking energy consumption. Operable within a 2.7V to 5.5V supply range, the PAC1934 is widely used in notebooks, tablets, network equipment, automotive systems, cloud computing, Linux-based servers, and industrial applications.
The PAC1934 is a four-channel energy monitoring solution that integrates bus voltage monitoring and current sensing capabilities. Its high-resolution ADCs receive input from the current sense amplifiers, while internal digital circuitry performs power calculations and accumulates energy data over time.
This device allows for flexible energy monitoring with integration periods ranging from 1 ms up to 36 hours or more. Bus voltage, sense resistor voltage, and accumulated power values are stored in registers for easy access by the system master or embedded controller. The sampling rate and energy integration period can be configured via SMBus or I2C, along with features like active channel selection and one-shot measurements.
PAC1934 uses real-time calibration to reduce offset and gain errors, eliminating the need for external filters. This ensures reliable performance across various operating conditions.
**Key Features of PAC1934:**
- **High-Side Current Monitor:**
- 100 mV full-scale range for current sense voltage, with a default 16-bit resolution.
- Supports bidirectional current sensing with a range of –100 mV to +100 mV, using a 16-bit two’s complement format.
- External sense resistor sets the full-scale current range.
- Very low input current simplifies signal routing.
- **Wide Bus Voltage Range:**
- Accepts common-mode voltages from 0V to 32V.
- 16-bit resolution for voltage measurements, with 14 bits used for power calculations.
- **Real-Time Auto-Calibration:**
- Automatically compensates for offset and gain errors without user intervention.
- **1% Power Measurement Accuracy:**
- Maintains precision across a wide dynamic range.
- **On-Chip Energy Accumulation:**
- 28-bit power results for energy measurement.
- 48-bit power accumulator register for storing accumulated data.
- 24-bit accumulator count.
- User-programmable sampling rates (8, 64, 256, and 1024 samples per second).
- Minimum accumulation time of 17 minutes at 1024 S/s, and over 36 hours at 8 S/s.
- **Flexible Supply Operation:**
- Operates between 2.7V and 5.5V.
- Separate VDD I/O pin for digital interface.
- SMBus 3.0 and I2C Fast Mode Plus (1 Mbps) support.
- **SMBus Address Options:**
- 16 address options configurable via resistor.
- **No Input Filters Required:**
- Simplifies design and reduces component count.
- **ALERT Features:**
- Can trigger alerts on accumulator overflow or conversion completion.
- **Compact Package:**
- 2.225 x 2.17 mm WLCSP package.
**Applications:**
- Notebook and tablet computing
- Networking equipment
- Automotive electronics
- Cloud, Linux, and server computing
- Industrial systems
- Linux-based applications
The PAC1934 evaluation board, ADM00805, provides a complete platform for testing and developing with the PAC1934. It includes detailed circuit diagrams, a bill of materials, and PCB layout guidance to help engineers quickly integrate the device into their designs. Figures 1, 2, and 3 illustrate the main features, system block diagram, and functional block diagram of the PAC1934, offering a clear overview of its architecture and functionality.
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