Microchip's PAC1934 is a four-channel DC power and energy monitor with an accumulator, featuring a bus voltage monitor and current sense amplifier that directly feeds into a high-resolution ADC. It calculates digital current for precise power measurement and accumulates energy over time. The monitoring period can range from 1 millisecond up to 36 hours or even longer. With a power measurement accuracy of 1%, a 24-bit accumulator, and an operating voltage of 2.7V to 5.5V, the PAC1934 is widely used in notebooks, tablets, networking equipment, automotive electronics, cloud computing, Linux-based systems, servers, and industrial applications.
This device includes four channels, each equipped with a current sense amplifier and a bus voltage monitor, which feed into high-resolution ADCs. Digital processing then performs power calculations and energy accumulation. The device allows for flexible integration periods, making it suitable for both short-term and long-term energy monitoring. Key data such as bus voltage, sense resistor voltage, and accumulated power are stored in registers, accessible by the system master or embedded controller via SMBus or I2C.
The sampling rate and energy integration period can be configured through SMBus or I2C, along with active channel selection and one-shot measurements. Real-time calibration ensures minimal offset and gain errors, eliminating the need for external filters. This makes the PAC1934 ideal for applications where accuracy and reliability are essential.
**Key Features of PAC1934:**
- **High-Side Current Monitor:**
- 100mV full-scale range for current sense voltage, 16-bit resolution by default.
- Bidirectional current sensing available, ranging from –100mV to +100mV with 16-bit two’s complement format.
- External sense resistor sets the full-scale current range.
- Very low input current simplifies signal routing.
- **Wide Bus Voltage Range:**
- Supports common-mode voltages from 0V to 32V.
- 16-bit resolution for voltage measurements, with 14-bit used for power calculation.
- **Real-Time Auto-Calibration:**
- Automatically corrects offset and gain errors without user intervention.
- **Power Measurement Accuracy:**
- 1% accuracy across a wide dynamic range.
- **On-Chip Energy Accumulation:**
- 28-bit power results for energy measurement.
- 48-bit power accumulator register for storing accumulated power data.
- 24-bit accumulator count.
- User-programmable sampling rates (8, 64, 256, 1024 samples per second).
- Minimum of 17 minutes of data at 1024 S/s, and over 36 hours at 8 S/s.
- **Power Supply:**
- Operates between 2.7V and 5.5V.
- Separate VDD I/O pin for digital I/O.
- SMBus 3.0 and I2C Fast Mode Plus (1 Mbps) support.
- **Address Configuration:**
- 16 SMBus address options, set via external resistor.
- **No Input Filters Required:**
- Simplifies design and reduces component count.
- **ALERT Features:**
- Can trigger alerts on accumulator overflow or conversion complete.
- **Compact Package:**
- 2.225 x 2.17 mm WLCSP package.
**Applications Include:**
- Notebook and tablet computing
- Networking devices
- Automotive electronics
- Cloud, Linux, and server environments
- Industrial systems
- Linux-based applications
The PAC1934 evaluation board, ADM00805, provides a complete platform for testing and developing with the PAC1934. It includes detailed circuit diagrams, a bill of materials, and PCB layout guidelines, making it easier for engineers to integrate the device into their designs.
Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the PAC1934.
Figure 2 illustrates the system block diagram.
Figure 3 presents the functional block diagram.
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