Beyond the United States and following Japan and Germany, China’s photovoltaic industry ranked third in the world in 2006. The improvement of the manufacturing capacity of a large number of Chinese local PV companies has created this landscape performance, but behind it lies the hidden shortage of raw materials and low profits.
In 2004, Germany began to implement a subsidy plan of 0.57 euros per kWh of solar photovoltaic power generation, and the global photovoltaic industry quickly entered the golden channel. Soon, Japan and the United States have also introduced plans to subsidize or encourage solar photovoltaic power generation.
In 2006, the actual production of global photovoltaic cells reached 2,600 megawatts and the production capacity exceeded 3,000 megawatts. In the same year, China's photovoltaic cell production reached 450 megawatts, a net increase of 280% compared with 2005, and China's photovoltaic cell production capacity reached 1,200 megawatts; Production and capacity are 800 MW and 2000 MW.
According to the latest statistics of the international authoritative PV magazine "PHOTON International", Wuxi Suntech's component production capacity ranks first in the world, and battery chip manufacturing has been promoted from the sixth to the third in the world, surpassing multinational companies such as Kyocera, Sanyo and BP SOLAR. The company's annual production capacity of photovoltaic cells increased from 150 MW at the end of 2005 to 270 MW at the end of 2006, an increase of 80%. It is not difficult to find that the company's output is only half of the capacity. Similarly, half of the equipment in most companies is idling, due to tight supply of upstream wafers.
Despite the huge output, the overall profit of Chinese solar manufacturers is low. Because of the popularity of upstream raw materials, a large amount of procurement costs have been added.
One of the manufacturing steps of crystalline silicon includes the refining technology of high-purity silicon. China has a limited mastery of the technology, so more than 90% of crystalline silicon raw materials must be imported, and most solar companies only have a profit of 5% to 6%. .
The upstream manufacturers with purification technology have made a fortune. WACKER Chemie, the world's third-largest high-purity silicon processing company, saw a 13% increase in polysilicon sales in 2006, reaching 326 million euros, and its profit increased to 118 million euros, up 31%. The company also plans to expand its production capacity from 5,500 tons per year to 6,500 tons.
The photovoltaic effect released by Wuxi Suntech has made people see the huge magnetic capital market. China's PV manufacturers have become the new main force after the Chinese IT company, and they have once again listed on the overseas market: Jiangsu Artes, who landed in the US stock market last year, Jiangsu Linyang, Changzhou Tianhe, Jingao New Energy, etc., soon Tianwei Yingli, Nanjing Zhongdian, etc. will continue to hit the US stock market.
After China has become the world's three largest photovoltaic cell processing bases, it is only possible to expand and stabilize the supply of raw materials to achieve long-term growth of the entire industry. From 2004 to 2006, the price of polysilicon rose fivefold. At the same time, due to the high cost of crystalline silicon upstream, the price of downstream products must be in line with the ordinary electricity price, which also makes the industry unable to spread rapidly in China.
Zhao Ying, director of the Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology at Nankai University, told reporters that the development of high-efficiency, low-cost thin-film solar cells is the development direction of photovoltaic power generation. The only thin-film solar cells in the existing thin-film solar cells are silicon. Thin film battery. In 2004, the output of amorphous silicon thin-film batteries exceeded 45 megawatts, but last year there was a sudden development in the industry. Japan's Kaneka plans to expand its amorphous silicon and amorphous silicon/microcrystalline silicon stack capacity to 70 MW in 2008.
However, silicon thin film batteries also have problems of low conversion rate and poor stability, and the highest conversion rate is 13%, and crystalline silicon is more than 20%. If these technical difficulties can be solved, the future development of thin-film batteries will be brighter.
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