Paddy field UAV plant protection, orchard use "Internet +" facilities for precise fertilization, pig house with mechanical automatic feeding... On October 9, the Ministry of Agriculture officially approved Zhejiang to establish a national agricultural "machine substitution" demonstration province.
In order to develop agricultural mechanization, Zhejiang Province has formulated the “Proposal for Zhejiang Province to Create a Model Exchange for Machines in the Agricultural Sectorâ€. Zhejiang Province will vigorously promote the mechanization of the production of major food crops and major economic crops, and coordinate the promotion of mechanization of aquaculture. By 2020, we will strive to build a demonstration county with mechanization of major crop production and a demonstration base with mechanization, facilities and intelligence. .
"Robot + Agriculture" leads the new trend industry prospects are booming
With the aging of the population, the process of industrialization and urbanization is accelerating, the contradiction between the surge in population and limited cultivated land is intensifying, global warming, frequent extreme weather and other problems appear, and global agriculture faces extremely severe tests. Whether it is developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Britain, France, or developing countries represented by China, they are thinking about this issue, hoping that robotics can drive agricultural upgrading.
In fact, compared with industrial robots or robots in other fields, the working environment of agricultural robots is changeable, and the non-structural environment is the main task, and the task is extremely challenging. Therefore, in general, agricultural robots require far more intelligence than other fields of robots.
Before the 21st century, agricultural robots were mechanical and electrical automation equipment. After the 21st century, they were automation equipments that added new technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine vision. In the coming Internet era, agriculture is more through the Internet information platform, opening up and downstream, obtaining agricultural-related information consultation and certain technical service support. The deep customization of “robot agriculture†will become a new trend in the future, bringing a new revolution to agriculture. The “Robot+†agricultural model is mainly supported by artificial intelligence robot technology. The information technology is integrated, and information exchange and communication are carried out through means of sensory recognition, intelligent analysis, automatic control, and flexible operation to realize intelligent identification and positioning. The functions of tracking, monitoring and management will eventually advance the standardization and standardization of agriculture.
In the research of agricultural robots, Japan has concentrated its research efforts and jointly implemented development plans, and currently ranks first in the world. As early as 1995, the number of private agricultural machinery manufacturers involved in the daily research reached 41. The research object is not only agricultural machinery, but also the development of production materials such as fertilizers and pesticides related to mechanization efficiency. The research topics are related to vegetables, dry paddy fields, livestock and fruit trees.
In the United States, the research and application of agricultural robots is also ahead of other countries. Although it is currently impossible to automate the entire process of agricultural farming, 80% of large farms have popularized agricultural IoT + robotics, and farmers have completed 10,000 acres of land management and corn harvesting through highly automated large-scale agricultural robots. The efficiency far exceeds manpower.
Agricultural robot
Compared with developed countries, China's agricultural robots started late and are still in their infancy in research and development. In the mid-1990s, the development of agricultural robot technology began in China. With the advancement of technology, the research and development scope of agricultural robots in China is gradually expanding. At present, research and development are carried out in the fields of tilling robots, weeding robots, fertilizing robots, spraying robots, vegetable grafting robots, harvesting robots, and picking robots.
In fact, the Ministry of Agriculture approved Jiang to create a national “machine substitution†demonstration province, indicating that China's agricultural reform is gradually moving toward intelligent, precise, and robotic direction. Today, Zhejiang Province has set a precedent and will be implemented nationwide in the future. Obviously, as a primary industry in the industry, the space for intelligent transformation is huge. With the transformation of agriculture, related industries such as agricultural machinery and agricultural robots are set to grow rapidly.
According to the data, in 2014, the global sales volume of professional service robots was 24,200 units, with sales of 3.77 billion US dollars. Among them, agricultural robot sales and sales accounted for 28% and 26% respectively. In the new agricultural production mode and the application of new technologies, agricultural robots will become more and more widely used as a new generation of intelligent agricultural machinery. According to the annual sales growth of 12%, the price is 140,000 US dollars. By 2021, the global agricultural robot sales will exceed 14,000 units, and the sales will exceed 2 billion US dollars.
The global market prospects are bright, but for now, due to many reasons such as high prices, low popularity, quality problems, etc., most of the farmers in China do not trust robots and are not willing to spend huge sums to purchase. This has hindered the development of agricultural robots.
Take the plant protection spray drone as an example. The agricultural drone shows the characteristics of time saving, timely, fast spraying speed, high efficiency, high safety, low depreciation rate, low labor cost per unit operation, easy maintenance, etc. The agricultural drone spraying technology adopts spray spraying method. At least 50% of pesticide use can be saved, saving 90% of water consumption, which will greatly reduce resource costs and protect the environment. However, agricultural drones are easy to use but not easy to use.
The high price is the first threshold: the price ranges from 10,000 yuan to one million yuan. This is not acceptable to the farmers' families in China alone. Second, the lack of technology, the industry is mixed. Japan's Yamaha Plant Protection UAV RMAX is a benchmark for the global industry after more than 30 years of technical accumulation and continuous improvement. At present, most of China's plant protection drone companies are transformed by aeromodelling manufacturers. Most of the models produced are electric plant protection drones with low intelligence. The average battery life of the batteries is 8-15 minutes. During the defense process, multiple sets of battery replacements need to be prepared, and the average price per battery is thousands of dollars, and the cost is high.
In general, agricultural robots can improve the efficiency of crop production, reduce the heavy agricultural work of farmers, and play an important role in the future modern agricultural construction. With the support of national policies, increasing research input, technological advancement, science and technology into productivity, and the implementation of collective acquisition, time-sharing and other modes, the price and popularity of agricultural robots can be improved. The contradiction between man and land, the deterioration of the natural environment, and the aging of the population are already objective problems. "Robot agriculture" is an important way to solve these problems. It is foreseeable that the prospects of agricultural robots and related industries are booming!
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