Lighting design is complicated and simple.
We can use ten words to summarize the essence of lighting design, and take the home lighting design as an example to illustrate. Which ten words? Please allow me to sell a piece and watch it slowly.
What to light
"What to take" is usually determined by the use of space. The characteristics of the illuminated object and the illuminated surface play an important role in it, such as living room, bedroom and dining room.
Often, determining how a space should be designed for lighting can be considered in three levels:
1, Task Lighting (Task Lighting)
2, accent lighting (Accent Lighting)
3, Ambient Lighting or Space Lighting (Ambient Lighting or Space Lighting)
What we mean by "seeing" does not mean the light itself, but the image that is perceived by light after reflection through the surface of the object. Therefore, we need to consider the characteristics of the surface being illuminated:
Is it bright or dark? The dark surface absorbs more light and has less reflection;
Is it polished or mirrored? Polished surface reflection image;
Is its texture subtle or rough? The texture of the surface will scatter light;
Do we want to highlight or weaken its color? The color of the surface of the object is determined by the color rendering ability of the light source.
As the first step in lighting design work , the space should be analyzed first:
Function: What kind of activities do people perform in this space?
Visual Assignment: What visual work do people need to complete in this space?
Objects: What do you most want people to see?
Architectural features: What is worth highlighting?
Furniture location: Where do people sit or where are they standing?
Mood: What kind of atmosphere do people want? Do you need to change?
Style: Is there something that lighting should work with?
Step 2: Try setting the priority
What is the most important? Try to find a visual focus on the space you want it to catch the eye. In the dining room or living room, it is most likely a table, a painting, or a vase and a fireplace. Of course, in a space, there may be multiple lighting targets that need to be prioritized, which require consideration of work lighting and accent lighting.
Finally, consider space as a whole.
Illuminating the wall can make the space look wider;
The soft light hidden around the furniture creates an intimate atmosphere;
The kind of lighting that “flashes and shines†conveys the festive atmosphere;
Indirect light highlights the lighting of the ceiling to make the space more formal and more open;
Focusing on a small piece of carpet may make the space look warmer and more comfortable, but when light is projected directly onto a very smooth surface, such as glass table tops and marble floors, it may cause uncomfortable glare.
How to light
Once the space and desired effects have been analyzed, three basic lighting methods can be utilized for the lighting design.
Ambient lighting - basic lighting, which means:
Make it easy and safe to move
Demonstrate the characteristics of space
Make the space look bigger
Make space more comfortable by balancing the brightness of the surface
Under-illuminated base lighting that illuminates objects and surfaces in lower spaces creates a warm and intimate feel, while indirect lighting that illuminates ceilings and walls makes the space look more rational, quiet, and spacious.
Key lighting - illuminate special areas
The accent lighting places extra light on the surface of a particular object. The key lighting can attract eyeballs, enhance the dramatic effect, and arouse people's interest. It’s like saying, “Hey, look here!â€
Work lighting - illuminate the work surface
Work lighting is the area that illuminates our work: reading, writing, preparing food, washing clothes, games, or manual work. Writing and reading generally require sufficient, well-diffuse light to illuminate from the shoulder or side; for kitchens and crafts, usually a concentrated beam of light can be used to illuminate from above.
Where do you need lighting?
A key element in determining "how to shine" is to control the position of the luminaire, which is especially important in avoiding glare and light curtain reflections. At the same time, this is also a decisive factor that emphasizes or weakens the surface texture of the object.
When the luminaire is very close to the wall, the light is very likely to expose the wall or the shackles of the object. And in this case, grazing is easier to highlight than washing the wall, as shown in the following figure.
What to light it with
What kind of photo is used to select the most suitable light source, lighting device and control method for each space of the project.
Select the light source
The main considerations include:
Light distribution demand;
Color rendering
Color temperature
Maintenance costs;
The light distribution is related to both the light source and the light fixture, because the light fixture is not only the light source mounting base, but also redistributes the light emitted by the light source so that it accurately shines on the target area and shields the light source from glare.
Depending on the purpose of ambient lighting, accent lighting, and work lighting, the required light distribution varies from wide to narrow, from scattering to concentrating. In general, fluorescent lamps are suitable for places where wide light distribution is required, while low-voltage halogen lamps and LEDs are more suitable for places where narrow light distribution is required.
2. How much light do you need?
The bright light required to achieve good visual conditions depends on:
User's age
Reflective of visual targets
Older people need higher brightness (65-year-olds need twice as much brightness as 20-year-olds) and are more sensitive to glare, so for users who are elderly, not only need plenty of light, but also To control the glare.
The table below shows the recommended illuminance levels. Each application has a different range: young people with low illuminance values ​​below 25 years old, those with intermediate illuminance values ​​between 25 and 65 years old, and those with high illuminance values ​​above 65.
3. Select the fixture
How much energy is being consumed? Today, with the focus on energy consumption, the choice of luminaires may be limited by specifications and standards in specific lighting applications.
Some aspects we need to consider include:
Luminaire performance
Luminaire benefits
Distance between the luminaire and the visual target
Use duty sensing, dimming, or multi-level control
4. Select the control system
Wall switches, dimmers and programming systems can:
Set lighting scene according to activity (programmable)
Automatically change the level of illumination according to different times of the day (daylight sensing)
Change lighting scene according to mood and desired atmosphere (manual control)
Automatically turn off the lights when no one is there, saving energy (personnel sensing)
Simple and simple ten words, in fact, there is a lot of knowledge that needs to be paid attention to, understood and mastered. Lighting design is really an interdisciplinary work. It is not easy to do well, and it is hard work and work with all the kings.
Please let me end this way, echoing the beginning: lighting design is simple, but it is not easy. If you really want a good result, then the class will give you the best advice: please have a professional lighting designer.
Disclaimer: The source of this article is "Light in Design - An application Guide", which is translated and translated by the lighting micro-classroom.
Editor: Yingzi
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